About - The SWIFT Payment System : What it is? • The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT) is a standardized, secure messaging network that financial institutions use to transmit instructions and information-such as money transfers-via standardized codes (SWIFT/BIC codes). It is a messaging platform, not a settlement or fund-holding bank. Organisation : Founded in 1973 and headquartered in La Hulpe, Belgium, it operates as a member-owned cooperative under Belgian law, collectively supervised by the G10 central banks. Aim : To provide a unified, highly secure, reliable, and standardized communications network for cross- border financial transactions, replacing error-prone telex technology with automated messaging. Key features : • Pure Messaging Architecture: Transmits payment orders, letters of credit, and securities instructions between institutions, while the actual movement of money relies on bilateral correspondent banking accounts (Nostro/Vostro). • Standardized BIC/ISO Protocol : standardized 8- or 11-character Business Identifier Codes (BIC) and the ISO 20022 messaging framework to ensure error-free global transaction routing. • Global Scale & Reach : Connects over 11,000 banking and securities organizations across more than 200 countries and territories, processing dozens of millions of financial messages daily. • Belgian/EU Legal Jurisdiction : Governed under Belgian and European Union law, which obligates it to comply with EU sanctions and sanction orders. • High Security & Redundancy : Employs end-to-end hardware encryption, dedicated secure network lines, and geographically distributed operations centers to prevent outages and cyber manipulation. Other Key Alternatives to SWIFT: • CIPS (China) : Launched in 2015 to internationalise the yuan, it enables cross-border RMB messaging, clearing and settlement across more than 120 countries • SPFS (Russia) : Developed in 2014 following Western sanctions, it connects Russian banks with foreign institutions, including Iran's SEPAM system, for financial messaging. • Project mBridge (Multi - CBDC) Platform : A blockchain-based platform developed by participating central banks to enable direct cross-border settlement using Central Bank Digital Currencies, bypassing SWIFT and conventional correspondent banking.